Ubuntu'da yazılım kurmak: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

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25. satır: 25. satır:
komutu ile açacağınız dosyanızı tamamen temizledikten sonra, aşağıdaki içeriği aynen geçirip, kaydedip kapatın.  
komutu ile açacağınız dosyanızı tamamen temizledikten sonra, aşağıdaki içeriği aynen geçirip, kaydedip kapatın.  


  #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Beta i386 (20080319)]/ hardy main restricted
  #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.10 _Intrepid Ibex_ - Release i386 (20081029.5)]/ intrepid main restricted
  #See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
  # newer versions of the distribution.
  # newer versions of the distribution.
 
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted
 
  ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
  ## distribution.
  ## distribution.
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted
 
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
  ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid universe
## team.
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid universe
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates universe
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates universe
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
 
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
  ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
  ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
52. satır: 50. satır:
  ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
  ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
  ## security team.
  ## security team.
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid multiverse
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid multiverse
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates multiverse
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse  
  #deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates multiverse
 
  ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
  ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
  ## repository.
  ## repository.
64. satır: 62. satır:
  ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
  ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
  ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
  ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
  ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
  ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
  ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
  ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
  ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
  ## users.
  ## users.
  deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
  deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner
  # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
  # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner
 
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security multiverse
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
  #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security multiverse
#deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free


Eğer konsoldan depoları güncellemek istiyorsanız aşağıdaki kod işinize yarayacaktır:
Eğer konsoldan depoları güncellemek istiyorsanız aşağıdaki kod işinize yarayacaktır:

14.53, 12 Şubat 2009 tarihindeki hâli


Giriş

Ubuntu gibi bir dağıtımda program kurmak son derece basittir. Ubuntu'nun en büyük güçlerinden biri var olan zengin deposudur. Aklınıza gelebilecek hemen her türlü program bu depolarda mevcuttur. Program kurmadan önce ilk bakılacak yer bu depolar olmalıdır. Ancak ön tanımlı olarak bazı depolar açık halde değildir.

Depoların açılması

Depoları /etc/apt/sources.list dosyanızı açarak başlarındaki # karakterlerini kaldırarak etkinleştirebilirsiniz. Fakat kolaylık olması açısından aşağıdaki dosyayı aynen kendi sources.list dosyanız ile değiştirebilirsiniz.

Konsoldan:


sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Konsoldan yapmak istemiyorsanız: Önce Alt+f2 ->


gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

komutu ile açacağınız dosyanızı tamamen temizledikten sonra, aşağıdaki içeriği aynen geçirip, kaydedip kapatın.

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.10 _Intrepid Ibex_ - Release i386 (20081029.5)]/ intrepid main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid universe
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates universe
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid multiverse
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates multiverse
#deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security multiverse
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security multiverse
#deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free

Eğer konsoldan depoları güncellemek istiyorsanız aşağıdaki kod işinize yarayacaktır:


sudo aptitude update

Bu işlemi konsoldan yapmak istemiyorsanız, Uygulamalar->Ekle Kaldır programını açarak, sol üst köşedeki güncelleme düğmesini kullanabilirsiniz.

Program Kurulumu

İki şekilde olabilir.

Konsoldan Kurulum

Konsoldan kullanabileceğiniz iki araç vardır.

  • aptitude
  • apt-get

Burada aptitude örneği verilecektir. Her ikisi için de kendi yardım sayfalarına bakabilirsiniz.

Help-hint 48px.png aptitude için geniş kullanım başka yerde anlatılacaktır.

Program kurmak tek aşamada gerçekleşir:


sudo aptitude install programın_adı

aptitude gerekli bağımlılıklarıyla beraber programı sisteme indirecek ve kuracaktır.

Synaptic Programı İle Kurulum

Ubuntu'nun görsel program kurma/kaldırma aracı Synaptictir. İsmi bu olmasına rağmen menüde Ekle/Kaldır şeklinde yer alır ve hemen Uygulamalar altında bulunur. Programı açtığınızda basit bir arayüz sizi karşılar. Bu arayüz sayesinde istediğiniz programı aratmak ve ardından kurmak çok kolaydır.